Research outputs
2026
The impact of type 2 diabetes on tendon material properties and locomotor function in the <i>db</i> / <i>db</i> mouse
Charles, J. P., Chen, E., Hart, J., Bell, A., Geraghty, B., & Kissane, R. W. P. (2026). The impact of type 2 diabetes on tendon material properties and locomotor function in the <i>db</i> / <i>db</i> mouse. Experimental Physiology, 111(4), 2014-2025. doi:10.1113/ep093650
Extreme disparity in the appendicular skeleton of domestic dogs ( <i>Canis familiaris</i> )
Form–function relationships determining optimal jumping performance in an early bipedal dinosaur
Charles, J. P., Polet, D. T., & Hutchinson, J. R. (2026). Form–function relationships determining optimal jumping performance in an early bipedal dinosaur. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 23(235). doi:10.1098/rsif.2025.0918
2025
Gait tracking in dogs using DeepLabCut: A markerless machine learning approach for controlled settings
Gill, H., Charles, J., Grant, R., Gardiner, J., Bates, K., & Brassey, C. (2025). Gait tracking in dogs using DeepLabCut: A markerless machine learning approach for controlled settings. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 292, 106769. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106769
Raw data for: The biomechanics of working dog locomotion I & II
Charles, J. P., Comerford, E. J., Ratcliffe, V. F., Kissane, R. W. P., Gooding, I., Cottriall, S., . . . Bates, K. T. (2025). The biomechanics of working dog locomotion I: Steady-state trotting. doi:10.1242/jeb.250523
The biomechanics of working dog locomotion II: Loaded trotting
Charles, J. P., Comerford, E. J., Ratcliffe, V. F., Kissane, R. W. P., Gooding, I., Cottriall, S., . . . Bates, K. T. (2025). The biomechanics of working dog locomotion II: Loaded trotting. Journal of Experimental Biology, 228(17). doi:10.1242/jeb.250524
Exploring the accuracy of palaeobiological modelling procedures in forward-dynamics simulations of maximum-effort vertical jumping
Cross, S. R. R., Charles, J. P., Sellers, W. I., Codd, J. R., & Bates, K. T. (2025). Exploring the accuracy of palaeobiological modelling procedures in forward-dynamics simulations of maximum-effort vertical jumping. Royal Society Open Science, 12(5). doi:10.1098/rsos.242109
Running performance in Australopithecus afarensis
Bates, K. T., McCormack, S., Donald, E., Coatham, S., Brassey, C. A., Charles, J., . . . Sellers, W. I. (2025). Running performance in Australopithecus afarensis. Current Biology, 35(1), 224-230.e4. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2024.11.025
2024
Data from Cross et al., Exploring the Accuracy of Palaeobiological Modelling Procedures in Forward-Dynamics Simulations of Maximum-Effort Vertical Jumping
Cross, S., Charles, J., Sellers, W. I., Codd, J., & Bates, K. (n.d.). Data from Cross et al., Exploring the Accuracy of Palaeobiological Modelling Procedures in Forward-Dynamics Simulations of Maximum-Effort Vertical Jumping. doi:10.17638/datacat.liverpool.ac.uk/2862
Human walking biomechanics on sand substrates of varying foot sinking depth
Grant, B. F., Charles, J. P., D'Août, K., Falkingham, P. L., & Bates, K. T. (2024). Human walking biomechanics on sand substrates of varying foot sinking depth. Journal of Experimental Biology, 227(21). doi:10.1242/jeb.246787
The Heterogeneity in Structure and Function across Skeletal Muscle
Kissane, R., & Charles, J. (2024). The Heterogeneity in Structure and Function across Skeletal Muscle. InTech Open. doi:10.5772/intechopen.1005859
Static versus dynamic muscle modelling in extinct species: a biomechanical case study of the <i>Australopithecus afarensis</i> pelvis and lower extremity.
Wiseman, A. L. A., Charles, J. P., & Hutchinson, J. R. (2024). Static versus dynamic muscle modelling in extinct species: a biomechanical case study of the <i>Australopithecus afarensis</i> pelvis and lower extremity.. PeerJ, 12, e16821. doi:10.7717/peerj.16821
The impacts of muscle-specific force-velocity properties on predictions of mouse muscle function during locomotion
Charles, J., Kissane, R., & Askew, G. (2024). The impacts of muscle-specific force-velocity properties on predictions of mouse muscle function during locomotion. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2024.1436004
2023
The association between muscle architecture and muscle spindle abundance
Kissane, R. W. P., Charles, J. P., Banks, R. W., & Bates, K. T. (2023). The association between muscle architecture and muscle spindle abundance. Scientific Reports, 13(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-023-30044-w
Data for "The Functional and Anatomical Impacts of Healthy Muscle Ageing"
Charles, J., & Bates, K. (n.d.). Data for "The Functional and Anatomical Impacts of Healthy Muscle Ageing". doi:10.17638/datacat.liverpool.ac.uk/2500
The Functional and Anatomical Impacts of Healthy Muscle Ageing
Charles, J., & Bates, K. (2023). The Functional and Anatomical Impacts of Healthy Muscle Ageing. Biology. doi:10.3390/biology12101357
Editorial: The human foot: function in progress
Bates, K. T., Venkadesan, M., Vereecke, E. E., Charles, J. P., & D’Août, K. (2023). Editorial: The human foot: function in progress. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 11. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1245069
2022
Why does the metabolic cost of walking increase on compliant substrates?
Grant, B., Charles, J., Geraghty, B., Gardiner, J., D'Août, K., Falkingham, P. L., & Bates, K. T. (2022). Why does the metabolic cost of walking increase on compliant substrates?. Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 19(196). doi:10.1098/rsif.2022.0483
From fibre to function: are we accurately representing muscle architecture and performance?
Charles, J., Kissane, R., Hoehfurtner, T., & Bates, K. T. (2022). From fibre to function: are we accurately representing muscle architecture and performance?. Biological Reviews, 97(4), 1640-1676. doi:10.1111/brv.12856
Skeletal muscle function underpins muscle spindle abundance
Kissane, R. W. P., Charles, J. P., Banks, R. W., & Bates, K. T. (2022). Skeletal muscle function underpins muscle spindle abundance. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 289(1976). doi:10.1098/rspb.2022.0622
2021
Data for "Subject-specific muscle properties from diffusion tensor imaging significantly improve the accuracy of musculoskeletal models"
Charles, J. P., Grant, B., D'Août, K., & Bates, K. (n.d.). Data for "Subject-specific muscle properties from diffusion tensor imaging significantly improve the accuracy of musculoskeletal models". doi:10.17638/datacat.liverpool.ac.uk/1536
Foot anatomy, walking energetics, and the evolution of human bipedalism
Charles, J., Grant, B., D'Aout, K., & Bates, K. (2021). Foot anatomy, walking energetics, and the evolution of human bipedalism. Journal of Human Evolution, 156. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103014
Intra-subject sample size effects in plantar pressure analyses
McClymont, J., Savage, R., Pataky, T. C., Crompton, R., Charles, J., & Bates, K. T. (2021). Intra-subject sample size effects in plantar pressure analyses. PeerJ, 9, e11660. doi:10.7717/peerj.11660
Data for "Subject-specific muscle properties from diffusion tensor imaging significantly improve the accuracy of musculoskeletal models"
Charles, J. P., Grant, B., D'Août, K., & Bates, K. (n.d.). Data for "Subject-specific muscle properties from diffusion tensor imaging significantly improve the accuracy of musculoskeletal models". doi:10.17638/datacat.liverpool.ac.uk/1280
Predictions of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Dynamics From Subject-Specific Musculoskeletal Models and Dynamic Biplane Radiography
Charles, J. P., Fu, F. H., & Anderst, W. J. (2021). Predictions of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Dynamics From Subject-Specific Musculoskeletal Models and Dynamic Biplane Radiography. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 143(3). doi:10.1115/1.4048710
2020
Subject‐specific muscle properties from diffusion tensor imaging significantly improve the accuracy of musculoskeletal models
Charles, J. P., Grant, B., D’Août, K., & Bates, K. T. (2020). Subject‐specific muscle properties from diffusion tensor imaging significantly improve the accuracy of musculoskeletal models. Journal of Anatomy, 237(5), 941-959. doi:10.1111/joa.13261
Data for "Subject-specific muscle properties from diffusion tensor imaging significantly improve the accuracy of musculoskeletal models"
Charles, J. P., Grant, B., D'Août, K., & Bates, K. (n.d.). Data for "Subject-specific muscle properties from diffusion tensor imaging significantly improve the accuracy of musculoskeletal models". doi:10.17638/datacat.liverpool.ac.uk/1105
2019
In vivo human lower limb muscle architecture dataset obtained using diffusion tensor imaging.
Charles, J. P., Suntaxi, F., & Anderst, W. J. (2019). In vivo human lower limb muscle architecture dataset obtained using diffusion tensor imaging.. PloS one, 14(10), e0223531. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223531
Determining Subject-Specific Lower-Limb Muscle Architecture Data for Musculoskeletal Models Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Charles, J. P., Moon, C. -H., & Anderst, W. J. (2019). Determining Subject-Specific Lower-Limb Muscle Architecture Data for Musculoskeletal Models Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 141(6). doi:10.1115/1.4040946
2018
A Dynamic Simulation of Musculoskeletal Function in the Mouse Hindlimb During Trotting Locomotion
Charles, J. P., Cappellari, O., & Hutchinson, J. R. (2018). A Dynamic Simulation of Musculoskeletal Function in the Mouse Hindlimb During Trotting Locomotion. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 6. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2018.00061
2017
Are mice good models for human neuromuscular disease? Comparing muscle excursions in walking between mice and humans
Hu, X., Charles, J. P., Akay, T., Hutchinson, J. R., & Blemker, S. S. (2017). Are mice good models for human neuromuscular disease? Comparing muscle excursions in walking between mice and humans. Skeletal Muscle, 7(1). doi:10.1186/s13395-017-0143-9
2016
Muscle moment arms and sensitivity analysis of a mouse hindlimb musculoskeletal model
Charles, J. P., Cappellari, O., Spence, A. J., Wells, D. J., & Hutchinson, J. R. (2016). Muscle moment arms and sensitivity analysis of a mouse hindlimb musculoskeletal model. Journal of Anatomy, 229(4), 514-535. doi:10.1111/joa.12461
Musculoskeletal Geometry, Muscle Architecture and Functional Specialisations of the Mouse Hindlimb
Charles, J. P., Cappellari, O., Spence, A. J., Hutchinson, J. R., & Wells, D. J. (2016). Musculoskeletal Geometry, Muscle Architecture and Functional Specialisations of the Mouse Hindlimb. PLOS ONE, 11(4), e0147669. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147669
2015
Developing, Testing and Optimising a Mouse Hindlimb Musculoskeletal Model
Charles, J., Cappellari, O., Spence, A., Wells, D., & Hutchinson, J. (2015). Developing, Testing and Optimising a Mouse Hindlimb Musculoskeletal Model. The FASEB Journal, 29(S1). doi:10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.543.3