Research outputs
2026
Exploring the opportunity for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and precision dose antimicrobials in an outpatient antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) service: a prospective observational study.
Wilson, R. C., Gilchrist, M. J., Cele, R., d'Arc, S., Mills, E. A., Ndhlovu, C., . . . Rawson, T. M. (2026). Exploring the opportunity for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and precision dose antimicrobials in an outpatient antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) service: a prospective observational study.. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 81(2), dkaf484. doi:10.1093/jac/dkaf484
2025
Development of a novel quantitative lateral flow assay for vancomycin for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Riezk, A., Vasikasin, V., Wilson, R. C., Rawson, T. M., Cass, A. E. G., & Holmes, A. H. (2025). Development of a novel quantitative lateral flow assay for vancomycin for therapeutic drug monitoring.. Scientific reports, 15(1), 24398. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-09145-1
The impact of artificial intelligence-driven decision support on uncertain antimicrobial prescribing: a randomised, multimethod study.
Bolton, W. J., Wilson, R., Gilchrist, M., Georgiou, P., Holmes, A., & Rawson, T. M. (2025). The impact of artificial intelligence-driven decision support on uncertain antimicrobial prescribing: a randomised, multimethod study.. The Lancet. Digital health, 7(11), 100912. doi:10.1016/j.landig.2025.100912
Quantitative Lateral Flow Assay for Meropenem Determination: A Proof-of-Concept Study.
Vasikasin, V., Riezk, A., Wilson, R. C., Rawson, T. M., Cass, A. E. G., & Holmes, A. H. (2025). Quantitative Lateral Flow Assay for Meropenem Determination: A Proof-of-Concept Study.. ACS omega, 10(40), 47566-47569. doi:10.1021/acsomega.5c07602
Does anticancer therapy directly contribute to antimicrobial resistance?
Sharma, I., Wilson, R. C., Zhu, N., & Rawson, T. M. (2025). Does anticancer therapy directly contribute to antimicrobial resistance?. The Lancet. Microbe, 6(7), 101115. doi:10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101115
Mechanism-Based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model of Voriconazole for Predicting the Clinical Outcomes of Adult Patients With Invasive Aspergillosis.
Duangpraphat, M., Wilson, R. C., Rawson, T. M., Santimaleeworagun, W., Nasomsong, W., Holmes, A. H., & Vasikasin, V. (2025). Mechanism-Based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model of Voriconazole for Predicting the Clinical Outcomes of Adult Patients With Invasive Aspergillosis.. Therapeutic drug monitoring, 47(3), 378-384. doi:10.1097/ftd.0000000000001268
Predictive Modelling of nephrotoxicity from vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam (VPT) combination and vancomycin as monotherapy: an artificial intelligence (AI) Approach
Lee, D. W., Bolton, M. W. J., Wilson, M. R. C., Georgiou, P. P., Holmes, P. A. H., Zhu, D. N., & Rawson, D. T. M. (2025). Predictive Modelling of nephrotoxicity from vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam (VPT) combination and vancomycin as monotherapy: an artificial intelligence (AI) Approach. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 152, 107696. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107696
Prospective and End User Evaluation of an AI-based Clinical Decision Support System for Individualized Antimicrobial Stewardship
Bolton, M. W., Wilson, M. R., Gilchrist, P. M., Georgiou, P. P., Holmes, P. A., & Rawson, D. T. (2025). Prospective and End User Evaluation of an AI-based Clinical Decision Support System for Individualized Antimicrobial Stewardship. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 152, 107410. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107410
Advances in diagnosis and prognosis of bacteraemia, bloodstream infection, and sepsis using machine learning: A comprehensive living literature review.
B, H., D K, M., T M, R., W, B., R, W., V, V., . . . A H, H. (2025). Advances in diagnosis and prognosis of bacteraemia, bloodstream infection, and sepsis using machine learning: A comprehensive living literature review.. Artificial intelligence in medicine, 160, 103008. doi:10.1016/j.artmed.2024.103008
2024
Towards pharmacokinetic boosting of phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin-V) using probenecid for the treatment of bacterial infections.
Wilson, R. C., Riezk, A., Arkell, P., Ming, D., Armiger, R., Latham, V., . . . Rawson, T. M. (2024). Towards pharmacokinetic boosting of phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin-V) using probenecid for the treatment of bacterial infections.. Scientific reports, 14(1), 16762. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-67354-6
Using digital health technologies to optimise antimicrobial use globally.
Rawson, T. M., Zhu, N., Galiwango, R., Cocker, D., Islam, M. S., Myall, A., . . . Holmes, A. H. (2024). Using digital health technologies to optimise antimicrobial use globally.. The Lancet. Digital health, 6(12), e914-e925. doi:10.1016/s2589-7500(24)00198-5
Exploring real-world vancomycin target attainment in neonatal intensive care in the context of Staphylococcal infections: a retrospective observational cohort study.
Blank, M., Wilson, R. C., Wan, Y., Peters, J., Davies, F., Tyszczuk, L., . . . Rawson, T. M. (2024). Exploring real-world vancomycin target attainment in neonatal intensive care in the context of Staphylococcal infections: a retrospective observational cohort study.. The Journal of infection, 89(2), 106191. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106191
Personalising intravenous to oral antibiotic switch decision making through fair interpretable machine learning.
Bolton, W. J., Wilson, R., Gilchrist, M., Georgiou, P., Holmes, A., & Rawson, T. M. (2024). Personalising intravenous to oral antibiotic switch decision making through fair interpretable machine learning.. Nature communications, 15(1), 506. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-44740-2
A low-volume LC/MS method for highly sensitive monitoring of phenoxymethylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin, and probenecid in human serum.
Riezk, A., Wilson, R. C., Cass, A. E. G., Holmes, A. H., & Rawson, T. M. (2024). A low-volume LC/MS method for highly sensitive monitoring of phenoxymethylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin, and probenecid in human serum.. Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications, 16(4), 558-565. doi:10.1039/d3ay01816d
2023
Continuous Measurement of Lactate Concentration in Human Subjects through Direct Electron Transfer from Enzymes to Microneedle Electrodes
Freeman, D. M. E., Ming, D. K., Wilson, R., Herzog, P. L., Schulz, C., Felice, A. K. G., . . . Cass, A. E. G. (2023). Continuous Measurement of Lactate Concentration in Human Subjects through Direct Electron Transfer from Enzymes to Microneedle Electrodes. ACS SENSORS. doi:10.1021/acssensors.2c02780
Triple quadrupole LC/MS method for the simultaneous quantitative measurement of cefiderocol and meropenem in serum
Riezk, A., Vasikasin, V., Wilson, R. C. C., Rawson, T. M. M., McLeod, J. G. G., Dhillon, R., . . . Holmes, A. H. H. (2023). Triple quadrupole LC/MS method for the simultaneous quantitative measurement of cefiderocol and meropenem in serum. ANALYTICAL METHODS, 15(6), 746-751. doi:10.1039/d2ay01459a
A rapid, simple, high-performance liquid chromatography method for the clinical measurement of beta-lactam antibiotics in serum and interstitial fluid
Riezk, A., Wilson, R. C., Rawson, T. M., Vasikasin, V., Arkel, P., Ferris, T. J., . . . Holmes, A. H. (2023). A rapid, simple, high-performance liquid chromatography method for the clinical measurement of beta-lactam antibiotics in serum and interstitial fluid. ANALYTICAL METHODS, 15(6), 829-836. doi:10.1039/d2ay01276f
Management of Bacterial and Fungal Infections in the ICU: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Recommendations
Rawson, T. M., Antcliffe, D. B., Wilson, R. C., Abdolrasouli, A., & Moore, L. S. P. (2023). Management of Bacterial and Fungal Infections in the ICU: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Recommendations. INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE, 16, 2709-2726. doi:10.2147/IDR.S390946
2022
Application of therapeutic drug monitoring to the treatment of bacterial central nervous system infection: a scoping review
Arkell, P., Wilson, R., Watkins, K., Antcliffe, D. B., Gilchrist, M., Wilson, M., . . . Holmes, A. (2022). Application of therapeutic drug monitoring to the treatment of bacterial central nervous system infection: a scoping review. JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY, 77(12), 3408-3413. doi:10.1093/jac/dkac332
Machine learning and synthetic outcome estimation for individualised antimicrobial cessation
Bolton, W. J., Rawson, T. M., Hernandez, B., Wilson, R., Antcliffe, D., Georgiou, P., & Holmes, A. H. (2022). Machine learning and synthetic outcome estimation for individualised antimicrobial cessation. FRONTIERS IN DIGITAL HEALTH, 4. doi:10.3389/fdgth.2022.997219
Closed-loop control of continuous piperacillin delivery: An <i>in silico</i> study
Herrero, P., Wilson, R. C., Armiger, R., Roberts, J. A., Holmes, A., Georgiou, P., & Rawson, T. M. (2022). Closed-loop control of continuous piperacillin delivery: An <i>in silico</i> study. FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, 10. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.1015389
Addition of probenecid to oral β-lactam antibiotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Wilson, R. C., Arkell, P., Riezk, A., Gilchrist, M., Wheeler, G., Hope, W., . . . Rawson, T. M. (2022). Addition of probenecid to oral β-lactam antibiotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY, 77(9), 2364-2372. doi:10.1093/jac/dkac200
Exploring patient acceptance of research within complex oral and IV outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (COpAT) networks
Rawson, T. M., Eigo, T., Wilson, R., Husson, F., Dhillon, R., Seddon, O., . . . Gilchrist, M. (2022). Exploring patient acceptance of research within complex oral and IV outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (COpAT) networks. JAC-ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE, 4(4). doi:10.1093/jacamr/dlac087
A pilot observational study of CSF vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring during the treatment of nosocomial ventriculitis
Arkell, P., Wilson, R., Antcliffe, D. B., Gilchrist, M., Noel, A. R., Wilson, M., . . . Rawson, T. M. (2022). A pilot observational study of CSF vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring during the treatment of nosocomial ventriculitis. JOURNAL OF INFECTION, 84(6), 846-848. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2022.03.012
Real-time continuous measurement of lactate through a minimally invasive microneedle patch: a phase I clinical study
Ming, D. K., Jangam, S., Gowers, S. A. N., Wilson, R., Freeman, D. M. E., Boutelle, M. G., . . . Holmes, A. H. (2022). Real-time continuous measurement of lactate through a minimally invasive microneedle patch: a phase I clinical study. BMJ INNOVATIONS, 8(2), 87-94. doi:10.1136/bmjinnov-2021-000864
2021
Exploring the Pharmacokinetics of Phenoxymethylpenicillin (Penicillin-V) in Adults: A Healthy Volunteer Study
Rawson, T. M., Wilson, R. C., Moore, L. S. P., Macgowan, A. P., Lovering, A. M., Bayliss, M., . . . Holmes, A. H. (2021). Exploring the Pharmacokinetics of Phenoxymethylpenicillin (Penicillin-V) in Adults: A Healthy Volunteer Study. OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 8(12). doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab573
Electrochemical detection of cefiderocol for therapeutic drug monitoring
McLeod, J., Stadler, E., Wilson, R., Holmes, A., & O'Hare, D. (2021). Electrochemical detection of cefiderocol for therapeutic drug monitoring. ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS, 133. doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107147
Optimizing antimicrobial use: challenges, advances and opportunities
Rawson, T. M., Wilson, R. C., O'Hare, D., Herrero, P., Kambugu, A., Lamorde, M., . . . Holmes, A. H. (2021). Optimizing antimicrobial use: challenges, advances and opportunities. NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY, 19(12), 747-758. doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00578-9
Real-time Continuous Measurement of Lactate through a Minimally-invasive Microneedle Biosensor: a Phase I Clinical Study
A Real-world Evaluation of a Case-based Reasoning Algorithm to Support Antimicrobial Prescribing Decisions in Acute Care
Rawson, T. M., Hernandez, B., Moore, L. S. P., Herrero, P., Charani, E., Ming, D., . . . Holmes, A. H. (2021). A Real-world Evaluation of a Case-based Reasoning Algorithm to Support Antimicrobial Prescribing Decisions in Acute Care. CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 72(12), 2103-2111. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa383
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid IMMY Sona <i>Aspergillus</i> lateral-flow assay for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a prospective, real life evaluation
Arkell, P., Mahboobani, S., Wilson, R., Fatania, N., Coleman, M., Borman, A. M., . . . Abdolrasouli, A. (2021). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid IMMY Sona <i>Aspergillus</i> lateral-flow assay for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a prospective, real life evaluation. MEDICAL MYCOLOGY, 59(4), 404-408. doi:10.1093/mmy/myaa113
Supervised machine learning to support the diagnosis of bacterial infection in the context of COVID-19
Rawson, T. M., Hernandez, B., Wilson, R. C., Ming, D., Herrero, P., Ranganathan, N., . . . Holmes, A. H. (2021). Supervised machine learning to support the diagnosis of bacterial infection in the context of COVID-19. JAC-ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE, 3(1). doi:10.1093/jacamr/dlab002
Understanding the role of bacterial and fungal infection in COVID-19
Rawson, T. M., Wilson, R. C., & Holmes, A. (2021). Understanding the role of bacterial and fungal infection in COVID-19. CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, 27(1), 9-11. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.025
2019
Microneedle biosensors for real-time, minimally invasive drug monitoring of phenoxymethylpenicillin: a first-in-human evaluation in healthy volunteers
Rawson, T. M., Gowers, S. A. N., Freeman, D. M. E., Wilson, R. C., Sharma, S., Gilchrist, M., . . . Holmes, A. H. (2019). Microneedle biosensors for real-time, minimally invasive drug monitoring of phenoxymethylpenicillin: a first-in-human evaluation in healthy volunteers. LANCET DIGITAL HEALTH, 1(7), E335-E343. doi:10.1016/S2589-7500(19)30131-1
Development of a Minimally Invasive Microneedle-Based Sensor for Continuous Monitoring of β-Lactam Antibiotic Concentrations in Vivo
Gowers, S. A. N., Freeman, D. M. E., Rawson, T. M., Rogers, M. L., Wilson, R. C., Holmes, A. H., . . . O'Hare, D. (2019). Development of a Minimally Invasive Microneedle-Based Sensor for Continuous Monitoring of β-Lactam Antibiotic Concentrations in Vivo. ACS SENSORS, 4(4), 1072-+. doi:10.1021/acssensors.9b00288