Skip to main content
What types of page to search?

Alternatively use our A-Z index.

Multidimensional continued fractions in Lattice Geometry

Reference number MPPR19

Funding
Funded
Study mode
Full-time
Apply by
Start date
Subject area
Mathematics

Join us at our Postgraduate Open Events

Meet us on campus or online in March 2026 to find out more about master’s degrees and research opportunities at Liverpool.

Change country or region

We’re currently showing entry requirements and other information for applicants with qualifications from United Kingdom.

Please select from our list of commonly chosen countries below or choose your own.

If your country or region isn’t listed here, please contact us with any questions about studying with us.

Overview

This project investigates three-dimensional continued fractions through lattice geometry, aiming to extend Gauss Reduction Theory to SL(3,ℤ). By connecting number theory, combinatorics, and algebraic geometry, it advances the classification of integer polyhedra and links lattice reduction to cuspidal singularities.

About this opportunity

The geometry of lattices is a rapidly developing area at the intersection of number theory, dynamical systems, singularity theory, and algebraic geometry. Central to this field is the geometric theory of continued fractions, which combines approximation theory with algorithmic and combinatorial methods. While two-dimensional continued fractions are well understood through Gauss Reduction Theory, their higher-dimensional analogues remain largely unexplored.

The core aim of this project is to study three-dimensional continued fractions via the structure of conjugacy classes of matrices in SL(3,ℤ), with the long-term goal of extending Gauss Reduction Theory to three dimensions. This represents a new and challenging direction of research, as no complete reduction theory currently exists beyond the classical two-dimensional case. The candidate will develop new geometric and combinatorial tools to analyse lattice bases, reduction procedures, and equivalence classes in dimension three.

A major outcome of this work will be progress on the classification of integer angles of convex integer polyhedra in three dimensions, known as the IKEA problem. Results in this direction are expected to yield global relations with cuspidal singularities of toric varieties, thereby creating a bridge between lattice geometry and singularity theory in algebraic geometry. The project also has implications for multidimensional Diophantine approximation and the theory of algorithms for lattice reduction.

The candidate will receive comprehensive training in lattice geometry, number theory, and geometric combinatorics. This will be complemented by exposure to related areas such as toric geometry and singularity theory. The project is well positioned for collaboration with leading researchers in the field, including Simon Kristensen (Aarhus University), Iskander Aliev (Cardiff University), and Matty van Son (University of the West Indies, Barbados), among others. These collaborations will provide both mathematical breadth and international research experience.

The project is structured to support steady academic development. The first year will focus on foundational training and a systematic study of the geometry of continued fractions and lattice theory. In the second year, the candidate will concentrate on developing and analysing Gauss Reduction Theory in the three-dimensional setting, which forms the central research contribution of the thesis. The third year will be devoted to in-depth analysis of the obtained results and their connections to singularity theory, algebraic geometry, and approximation theory. The final year will focus on consolidating the research, completing the thesis, and pursuing independent research directions arising from the project.

Further reading

Karpenkov O., Geometry of continued fractions. Second edition.
Algorithms Comput. Math., 26 Springer, Berlin, [2022], ©2022. xx+451 pp.
https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-662-65277-0

Back to top

How to apply

  1. 1. Contact supervisors

    Candidates wishing to apply should complete the University of Liverpool application form to apply for a PhD in Mathematical Sciences.

    Please review our guide on How to apply for a PhD | Postgraduate research | University of Liverpool carefully and complete the online postgraduate research application form to apply for this PhD project.

    Please ensure you include the project title and reference number MPPR19 when applying.

    Supervisors Email address Staff profile URL
    Dr Oleg Karpenkov karpenk@liverpoo.ac.uk https://pcwww.liv.ac.uk/~karpenk/
    Prof Anna Pratoussevitch annap@liverpool.ac.uk https://pcwww.liv.ac.uk/~annap/
    Prof Victor Goryunov Victor.Goryunov@liverpool.ac.uk https://pcwww.liv.ac.uk/~goryunov/
  2. 2. Prepare your application documents

    You may need the following documents to complete your online application:

    • A research proposal (this should cover the research you’d like to undertake)
    • University transcripts and degree certificates to date
    • Passport details (international applicants only)
    • English language certificates (international applicants only)
    • A personal statement
    • A curriculum vitae (CV)
    • Contact details for two proposed supervisors
    • Names and contact details of two referees.
  3. 3. Apply

    Finally, register and apply online. You'll receive an email acknowledgment once you've submitted your application. We'll be in touch with further details about what happens next.

Back to top

Funding your PhD

This Studentship is funded by XTX Markets and will cover full Home tuition fees (for 2026-27 this is £5,238 p.a.) and pay a maintenance grant for 3.5 years (for 2026-27 this is £21,805 p.a.) The Studentship also comes with access to additional funding to fund consumables, conference attendance, etc. The Studentship is available to any prospective student wishing to apply including both home and international students. The Studenship will not cover international fees.

We want all our Staff and Students to feel that Liverpool is an inclusive and welcoming environment that actively celebrates and encourages diversity. We are committed to working with students to make all reasonable project adaptations including supporting those with caring responsibilities, disabilities or other personal circumstances. For example, If you have a disability you may be entitled to a Disabled Students Allowance on top of your studentship to help cover the costs of any additional support that a person studying for a doctorate might need as a result. We believe everyone deserves an excellent education and encourage students from all backgrounds and personal circumstances to apply.

Back to top

Contact us

Have a question about this research opportunity or studying a PhD with us? Please get in touch with us, using the contact details below, and we’ll be happy to assist you.

Back to top