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Atmospheric Plasma Polymer Coatings and Sensor Integration for Harsh Energy & Defence Environments

Reference number EEPR001

Funding
Funded
Study mode
Full-time
Apply by
Start date
Subject area
Electrical Engineering and Electronics

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Overview

Are you passionate about developing novel research and keen to shape the future of energy transfer technologies in areas such as, laser interactions, plasma physics, RF technologies, materials science and engineering? The project will focus on developing novel plasma coating for photodiode devices. We are recruiting a motivated PhD candidate to undertake an exciting project within the EPSRC Energy Transfer Technologies Doctoral Training Hub. This project is co- funded by DSTL.

About this opportunity

Photodiodes and other optoelectronic sensing devices are increasingly required to operate reliably in harsh environments, including energy generation, industrial processing, and defence-related settings. In these applications, devices may be exposed to radiation, thermal cycling, moisture ingress, and corrosive chemical attack, all of which can degrade performance, shorten operational lifetime, and compromise measurement integrity. Conventional passivation and protective coating methods (e.g. high-temperature or vacuum-based deposition) can be difficult to implement on sensitive devices or complex assemblies, and may be unsuitable for low-cost, scalable manufacturing or retrofit deployment.

This PhD project will develop atmospheric, low-temperature plasma polymerisation (LTAPP) as a flexible and deployable route to producing passivation and protective coatings for photodiodes, deposited under ambient conditions. The research will investigate how plasma process parameters and precursor chemistries can be engineered to deliver coatings with enhanced barrier performance, corrosion resistance, radiation tolerance, and mechanical durability, while maintaining optical compatibility and preserving device responsivity. Coating strategies will be assessed for their impact on key photodiode performance metrics including dark current, stability, spectral response, and long-term drift.

Potential application areas include radiation-resilient photodetection, robust optical sensing for industrial monitoring and process control, and protective coatings for photodiode-based instrumentation used in nuclear, aerospace, and defence environments. The student will undertake a multidisciplinary programme of work encompassing plasma process development and diagnostics, surface and materials characterisation (e.g. FTIR, XPS, SEM/AFM), accelerated ageing and irradiation testing, and photodiode performance benchmarking.

The outcomes will include improved understanding of coating formation mechanisms and degradation pathways, alongside prototype passivated photodiode demonstrators and guidance for future scale-up and deployment.

The Hub

The Doctoral Hub specialises in developing research and training the next generation of leaders in energy transfer technologies for defence and related sectors. The successful candidate will be based at the University of Liverpool and throughout their PhD will benefit from the support and expertise of our diverse academic community, a community of students working towards similar goals, as well as our specialist industrial network.

 

Why Join Us?

  • Industrial Collaboration: Each PhD student within the Hub is partnered with an industry collaborator, providing placement opportunities to work and train alongside industry experts
  • Comprehensive Training: The Hub offers a blend of academic and industrial training, preparing you for diverse career pathways in research or industry
  • Cohort Experience: Build your research network through inclusion in a vibrant cohort of PhD students that conduct research with academic leaders across leading UK institutions. Engage in online and face-to-face activities, including cohort-building events and collaborative learning exercises
  • Funding: A generous fully funded studentship (no fees and a monthly personal payment) with additional support for conferences, travel, training, consumables and extended placement with industry collaborators.

Key Details

  • Host Institution: University of Liverpool
  • Industry Partner: DSTL
  • PhD Duration: 4 years
  • Start Date: 1st October 2026
  • Enhanced stipend of £25,805

The industrial partner, [DSTL Defence Science and Technology Laboratory – GOV.UK], is a leading UK government organisation at the forefront of defence and security research, with interests including advanced sensing, optoelectronics, and materials technologies for operation in challenging environments. The partner will provide PhD supervision, a placement and be part of the larger Hub community benefiting from the diverse academic and industrial network offered by the Hub.

Please check the hub website for further details: https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/doctoral-training/energy-transfer-technologies/

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Who is this for?

PhD Candidates must hold a minimum of an upper Second-Class UK Honours degree or international equivalent in a relevant science or engineering discipline. Candidates must be UK Nationals and be willing to apply for and able to obtain Baseline Personnel Security Standard (BPSS) clearance.

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How to apply

  1. 1. Contact supervisors

    We strongly recommend that you contact the supervisor(s) for this PhD project before you apply to discuss the project further.

    Dr Kirsty McKay ()

    Dr Ian Sandall ()

    Candidates wishing to apply should complete the University of Liverpool application form to apply for a PhD in Electrical Engineering & Electronics

    Please review our guide on How to apply for a PhD | Postgraduate research | University of Liverpool carefully and complete the online postgraduate research application form to apply for this PhD project.

    Please ensure you include the project title and reference number EEPR001 when applying.

  2. 2. Prepare your application documents

    You may need the following documents to complete your online application:

    • A research proposal (this should cover the research you’d like to undertake)
    • University transcripts and degree certificates to date
    • Passport details (international applicants only)
    • English language certificates (international applicants only)
    • A personal statement
    • A curriculum vitae (CV)
    • Contact details for two proposed supervisors
    • Names and contact details of two referees.
  3. 3. Apply

    Finally, register and apply online. You'll receive an email acknowledgment once you've submitted your application. We'll be in touch with further details about what happens next.

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Funding your PhD

As a student of the Hub, you will receive an enhanced stipend of £25,805 per year, plus additional funds of £7,000 a year for travel, conferences and research equipment. This EPSRC funded Studentship will also cover full tuition fees (for 2026-27 this is £5,238 pa). This studentship is open to UK Nationals and is available for home students only.

We want all of our Staff and Students to feel that Liverpool is an inclusive and welcoming environment that actively celebrates and encourages diversity. We are committed to working with students to make all reasonable project adaptations including supporting those with caring responsibilities, disabilities or other personal circumstances. For example, If you have a disability you may be entitled to a Disabled Students Allowance on top of your studentship to help cover the costs of any additional support that a person studying for a doctorate might need as a result. We believe everyone deserves an excellent education and encourage students from all backgrounds and personal circumstances to apply.

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Contact us

Have a question about this research opportunity or studying a PhD with us? Please get in touch with us, using the contact details below, and we’ll be happy to assist you.

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