This module aims to introduce students to research methodology, philosophy, strategy and design, and to the ethical and practical considerations associated with conducting research.
This module aims to provide students with an understanding of various qualitative research methods.
This module aims to enable students to develop the skills necessary to analyse qualitative data.

(LO1) Students will gain knowledge of ontological and epistemological positions and their implications for research

(LO2) Students will gain an understanding of ethical issues in research

(LO3) Students will develop the skills needed to select appropriate qualitative research methods

(LO4) Students will develop the skills to plan and conduct research using qualitative methods

(LO5) Students will develop the skills to analyse qualitative data

(S1) Ethical awareness

(S2) Research management developing a research strategy, project planning and delivery, risk management, formulating questions, selecting literature, using primary/secondary/diverse sources, collecting and using data, applying research methods, applying ethics

To introduce the principles underlying the collection and analysis of social survey data;
To equip students to analysse social survey data;
To provide a basic competence in the use of the 'R' statistical programming language;
To provide a platform to more advanced data analysis techniques covered in the Semester 2 module ENVS453 'Spatial Analysis'

(LO1) The ability to produce descriptive statistics and graphical representations of quantitative variables

(LO2) The ability to address survey bias through the use of survey reweighting

(LO3) The ability to use statistical inference techniques to address the impacts of sampling uncertainty on survey estimates

(LO4) An understanding of the impact of survey design and sample size on the precision of survey estimates

(LO5) The ability to conduct data analysis using correlation and multivariate regression (OLS and logistic) 

(LO6) Competence in the use of a statistical programming language (R) to undertake basic social survey analysis

(S1) Communication skills

(S2) Numeracy

(S3) Problem solving skills

(S4) IT skills

The module provides students with core competences in Geographic Data Science (GDS). This includes the following:

Advancing their statistical and numerical literacy;

Introducing basic principles of programming and state-of-the-art computational tools for GDS;

Presenting a comprehensive overview of the main methodologies available to the Geographic Data Scientist, as well as their intuition as to how and when they can be applied;

Focusing on real world applications of these techniques in a geographical and applied context.

(LO1) Demonstrate advanced GIS/GDS concepts and be able to use the tools programmaticallyto import, manipulate and analyse data in different formats.

(LO2) Understand the motivation and inner workings of the main methodological approcahes ofGDS, both analytical and visual.

(LO3) Critically evaluate the suitability of a specific technique, what it can offer and how it canhelp answer questions of interest.

(LO4) Apply a number of spatial analysis techniques and how to interpret the results, in theprocess of turning data into information.

(LO5) When faced with a new data-set, work independently using GIS/GDS tools programmatically.

(S1) Numeracy

(S2) Organisational skills

(S3) Problem solving skills

(S4) IT skills

(S5) Ethical awareness

(S6) Communication skills

The module aims to develop an understanding of how digital representations of the real world can be created within a GIS and why GIS is useful in the social and environmental sciences. It will introduce students to the fundamentals of GIS and enable students to gain familiarity with the unique properties of geographic data and providing real-world valuable insights. Students will also develop skills in the use various GIS software , create digital representations of the world and understand their constraints within a framework of GI Science

develop: (i) a theoretical knowledge of GIS and spatial analytical methods, and; (ii) a practical ability to apply GIS in the handling and analysis of spatial data in a context of planning and social sciences.

To gain familiarity with the unique properties of geographic data including spatial autocorrelation and modifiable areal units;
Appreciate that there are uncertainties in the creation of geographic representations;
Develop skills in the basic use of GIS to create digital representations and understand their constraints within a framework of GIScience

(LO1) Gain a sound understanding of the function, concepts  and features of a Geographic Information System

(LO2) Understand those constraints and considerations that are required when implementing a GIS to build geographic representations

(LO3) Develop practical skills in the application of a GIS to those data types often associated with a student's disciplinary area

(S1) Numeracy, GIS ans spatial modelling skills

(S2) Problem solving skills

(S3) IT skills

To situate contemporary Human Geography within the wider context of research in the Social Sciences;
To introduce students to some of the major debates of society, environment, space and place and the relationships between them;
To introduce students to the different epistemological underpinnings in geographical research.
To help students identify and explore an area of human geography that particularly interests them and might form an appropriate dissertation topic
To be able to situate their research interests within wider geographical scholarship

(LO1) Gain a thorough understanding of the major themes that define human geography;

(LO2) Gain an understanding of what constitutes significant, rigorous and influential geographical scholarship.

(LO3) Understand research ethics and how to apply for it successfully

(LO4) Gain a thorough understanding of the epistemological underpinnings of different approaches to researching human geography

(LO5) Be able to locate your individual research interests and dissertation topics within the wider corpus of geographical enquiry.

(S1) Ethical awareness

(S2) Problem solving skills

(S3) Research management: formulating questions, selecting appropriate literature, using primary/secondary/diverse sources and delivering an extended essay

(S4) Global perspectives demonstrate international perspectives as professionals/citizens; locate, discuss, analyse, evaluate information from international sources; consider issues from a variety of cultural perspectives, consider ethical and social responsibility issues in international settings; value diversity of language and culture

Build upon the more general research training delivered via companion modules on Data Collection and Data Analysis, both of which have an aspatial focus;      
Highlight a number of key socialissues that have a spatial dimension;
Explain the specific challenges facedwhen attempting to analyse spatial data;
Introduce a range of analyticaltechniques and approaches suitable for the analysis of spatial data;  
Enhancepractical skills in using software packages to implement a wide range of spatial analytical tools.

(LO1) Identify some key sources of spatial data and resources of spatial analysis and modelling tools

(LO2) Explain the advantages of taking spatial structure into account when analysing spatial data

(LO3) Apply a range of computer-based techniques for the analysis of spatial data, including mapping, correlation, kernel density estimation, regression, multi-level models, geographically-weighted regression, spatial interaction models and spatial econometrics

(LO4) Select appropriate analytical tools for analysing specific spatial data sets to address emerging social issues facing the society

(S1) Problem solving skills

(S2) Numeracy

(S3) IT skills

The module has two main aims. First, it seeks to provide hands-on experience and training in the design and generation of web-based mapping and geographical information tools. Second, it seeks to provide hands-on experience and training in the use of software to access, analyse and visualise web-based geographical information. In the lab sessions, the students will be given datasets and asked to find their own, in order to learn to combine and analyse data using Python and further learn web-base mapping platforms in order to produce an interactive online webmap.

(LO1) Experience using tile rendering tools to generate content for map-based websites.

(LO2) Web-based data collection techniques

(LO3) Programming skills to enable basic online data manipulation and web mapping

(LO4) Knowledge of web-based mapping infrastructure

(S1) Communication skills

(S2) Problem solving skills

(S3) IT skills

(S4) Organisational skills

(S5) Numeracy

To produce a complete and independent study written to a publishable standard in the field of Geographic Data Science.

(LO1) A complete study, written to publishable standard

(LO2) Demonstrate advanced knowledge of Geographic Data Science

(LO3) Critically evaluate the suitability of an appropriate technique, what it can offer and how it can help answer the research questions of interest

(LO4) Apply a number of techniques and interpret their results, in the process turning data into new insight and knowledge

(LO5) Work independently and develop a self-guided approach to learning

(S1) Numeracy/computational skills - Numerical methods

(S2) Communication (oral, written and visual) - Presentation skills - written

(S4) Critical thinking and problem solving - Critical analysis

(S5) Global citizenship - Relevant economic/political understanding

To provide a deep, systematic and critical understanding of the nature of information systems, with a focus on database systems and their operation.

(LO1) Design and implement relational databases with multiple tables.

(LO2) Understand the mathematical foundations of relational databases through the use of relational algebra.

(LO3) Use SQL effectively and efficiently as a data definition and data manipulation language in a modern DBMS.

(LO4) Demonstrate a systematic understanding of transaction management and concurrency control in database systems.

(S1) Skills in using technology - Using common applications (work processing, databases, spreadsheets etc.)

(S2) Critical thinking and problem solving - Creative thinking

(S3) Critical thinking and problem solving - Critical analysis

(S4) Critical thinking and problem solving - Synthesis

(S5) Skills in using technology - Information accessing

(S6) Numeracy/computational skills - Confidence/competence in measuring and using numbers

(S7) Problem solving

(S8) Business and customer awareness

(S9) Information Technology (IT) skills

(S10) Computer science principles

To provide students with a deep, critical and systematic understanding of the most significant technologies for developing web applications.
To enable students to use these technologies in the development of web applications.
To provide knowledge of the characteristics of good web site design principles.

(LO1) be able to use a range of technologies and programming languages available to organisations and businesses and be able to choose an appropriate architecture for a web application.

(LO2) be able to develop reasonably sophisticated client-side web applications using one or more suitable technologies and to make informed and critical decisions in that context.

(LO3) be able to develop reasonably sophisticated server-side web applications using one or more suitable technologies and to make informed and critical decisions in that context.

(S1) Problem Solving - Numeracy and computational skills

(S2) Problem solving – Analysing facts and situations and applying creative thinking to develop appropriate solutions.

To introduce students to advanced methods and algorithms used in Big Data analytics.
To introduce students to software environments that enable developing solutions for Big Data problems.
To introduce students to implementing algorithms using such software environments.

(LO1) Deep and systematic knowledge of algorithmic approaches for Big Data analysis and handling batch and streaming data.

(LO2) Comprehensive and critical insight into the software environments that can be used to enable algorithms to scale up to analysis of large batch and streaming datasets.

(LO3) Devising a most suitable algorithm for solving a Big Data problem

(LO4) Demonstrating a critical awareness of current problems and research issues in the field of Big Data

(S1) Numeracy/computational skills - Reason with numbers/mathematical concepts

(S2) Communication (oral, written and visual) - Following instructions/protocols/procedures

To provide an introduction to fundamental theories of population science.
To introduce students to novel data and approaches to understanding population dynamics and societal change.
To equip students with skills and experience to conduct population science using computational approaches.

(LO1) An appreciation of relevant demographic theory to help intepret patterns of population change

(LO2) An understanding of the types of demographic and social science methods that are essential for interpreting and analysing new forms of data in the context of demographic research

(LO3) The ability to apply different methods to understand population dynamics and societal change

(LO4) An appreciation of how population science approaches to understanding societal change connect to policy relevant debates

(LO5) Critical awareness of modern demographic analysis and the ethical issues associated with big and new forms of data

(S1) Numeracy/computational skills - Numerical methods

(S2) Communication (oral, written and visual) - Presentation skills - written

Understand the basic structures and the learning mechanisms underlying neural networks within the field of artificial intelligence and examine how synaptic adaptation can facilitate learning and how input to output mapping can be performed by neural networks. Obtain an overview of linear, nonlinear, separable and non separable classification as well as supervised and unsupervised mapping. Understand the benefit of adopting naturally inspired techniques to implement optimisation of complex systems and acquire the fundamental knowledge in various evolutionary techniques. Become familiar with the basic concepts of systems optimisation and its role in natural and biological systems and entities.

(LO1) Learning  the advantages and main characteristics of neural networks in relation to traditional methodologies. Also, familiarity with different neural networks structures and their learning mechanisms.

(LO2) Appreciation of the advantages of evolutionary-related approaches for optimisation problems and their advantages compared to traditional methodologies. Also, understanding the different techniques of evolutionary optimisation for discrete and continuous configurations

(LO3) Understanding of the needs for genetic encoding and modelling for solving optimisation problems and familiarisation with the evolutionary operators and their performance.

(LO4) Understanding of the neural network learning processes and their most popular types, as well as  appreciation of how neural networks can be applied to artificial intelligence problems.

(S1) On successful completion of this module the student should be able to pursue further study in artificial intelligence as well as more advanced types of neural networks and evolutionary optimisation and bio-inspired techniques.

(S2) On successful completion of this module the student should be able to analyse numerically the mathematical properties of most major network types and apply them to artificial intelligence problems. Also, the student should be able to appreciate and understand the suitability of evolutionary optimisation in systems where classical methods cannot be effective.

(S3) On successful completion of this module the student should be able to approach methodologically artificial intelligence problems and bio-inspired algorithms in general and understand the principal mathematics of learning systems and the fundamental principles governing evolutionary optimisation techniques.

Gain an understanding of several core areas of social and spatial inequalities and how these inter-relate, and to engage with academic debates about these issues;
Explore evidence for, and interpretations of, social and spatial inequalities, eg labour market, ethnic, spatial aspects of poverty;
Gain an understanding of the geographies of social inequalities, including why inequalities are not equal between places, and what the implications of this unevenness are for individuals and communities;
Consider how and why social inequalities have persisted and/or changed over time, with reference to allied theories and empirical evidence;
Gain acritical understanding of the meaning and measurement of inequalities, poverty and deprivation;
Identify and review the types of data sources that can be used to explore social and spatial inequalities ;
Explore the wider UK context for the development of social and spatial inequalities, including economic restructuring and welfare reform;
Consider representations of inequalities in the media, policy and political debate;
Consider a number of policy developments/responses to problems of social and spatial inequalities, and to highlight their impact.

(LO1) Develop anunderstanding of social and spatial inequalities, how these inter-relate, andhow the terms have been (mis-)used in academic, political, policy and public discourses

(LO2) Develop anunderstanding of how and why social and spatial inequalities might havepersisted over time, and review the empirical evidence for this 

(LO3) Understand how and why social inequalities havespecific geographies and can be concentrated in particular areas orneighbourhoods

(LO4) Understand the difficulties in defining andmeasuring social and spatial inequalities, and how such definitions may relateto broader theories, perspectives or frameworks of relevance

(LO5) Gain insightinto a range of government responses that have been developed to combat socialinequalities and related issues in the UK, at the regional and sub-regionallevel

(S1) Problem solving skills

(S2) Organisational skills

(S3) Communication skills

(S4) International awareness

(S5) Lifelong learning skills

(S6) Ethical awareness