Module Details |
| The information contained in this module specification was correct at the time of publication but may be subject to change, either during the session because of unforeseen circumstances, or following review of the module at the end of the session. Queries about the module should be directed to the member of staff with responsibility for the module. |
| Title | APPLICATION OF ENZYMES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS – INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY | ||
| Code | CHEM486 | ||
| Coordinator |
Dr AJ Carnell Chemistry A.J.Carnell@liverpool.ac.uk |
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| Year | CATS Level | Semester | CATS Value |
| Session 2018-19 | Level 7 FHEQ | Second Semester | 7.5 |
Pre-requisites before taking this module (or general academic requirements): |
| Completion of Year 3 of an MChem Chemistry programme or a BSc (Hons) in Chemistry. |
Aims |
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The aim of this module is to provide students with a knowledge and understanding of the application of enzymes and how to apply them in organic synthesis. Students will gain insight into modern methods of mutagenesis for enzyme optimisation and also cutting edge approaches to designing artifical enzymes and assemblage of cascade pathways for synthesis. |
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Learning Outcomes |
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By the end of the module, students should be able to:
• Understand how enzymes can be applied in organic synthesis. • Demonstrate a knowledge of how genes encode enzyme 3D structure • Understand factors governing the selection of biocatalyst and biocatalyst type. • Show an understanding of cofactor requirements and recycling strategies in redox biotransformations. • Show a knowledge of the advantages and limitations in the application of biocatalysts. • Demonstrate a knowledge of enzym e immobilization methods. • Show an understanding of the use molecular biology for mutagenesis and directed evolution methods to improve enzyme activity orselectivity. • Have an appreciation of new approaches for creating artificial enzymes. • Understand how enzyme reactions can be assembled into multistep cascade synthetic pathways. |
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Teaching and Learning Strategies |
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Lecture - |
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Tutorial - Workshop based |
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Syllabus |
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| 1 |
• Introduction to enzymes – structure and function. • Introduction to reaction types which can be carried out using enzymes. • Sources and selection of enzymes. • Immobilisation of enzymes. • Chiral selectivity: kinetic resolutions, E value, prochiral and meso substrates. • Introduction to molecular biology and microbiology for biocatalysis, mutation techniques and screening/selection strategies. • Hydrolytic reactions: lipases, application in pregabalin synthesis, esterases, proteases, nitrile hydratases, epoxide hydrolases. • Reactions in organic solvents: using lipases and proteases in reverse - applications in industry. • Dy namic Kinetic Resolution (DKR) • Biological redox cofactors: NAD(P)H and FAD. • Reduction reactions: asymmetric reductions using alcohol dehydrogenases, applications in pharmaceutical synthesis, chiral selectivity and Prelog’s Rule, ene reductases, imine reductases. • Oxidation reactions: alcohols and aldehyde oxidases, selectivity, deracemisation of amines, P450 bio-hydroxylation, dihydroxylation of arenes, Baeyer Villiger oxidation, epoxidation, sulphoxidation, demethylation. • Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions: asymmetric aldol re action, application in pharmaceutical synthesis, acyl group transfer, cyanohydrin formation. • C-X bond forming reactions: transaminases, application in sitagliptin synthesis, fumarase, aspartase. • Directed evolution of enzymes: Creating designer enzymes using molecular evolution. • New Developments and future prospects: artificial enzymes, synthetic biology pathways for synthesis. |
Recommended Texts |
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Reading lists are managed at readinglists.liverpool.ac.uk. Click here to access the reading lists for this module. Explanation of Reading List: |
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Teaching Schedule |
| Lectures | Seminars | Tutorials | Lab Practicals | Fieldwork Placement | Other | TOTAL | |
| Study Hours |
16 |
2 |
18 | ||||
| Timetable (if known) |
Workshop based
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| Private Study | 57 | ||||||
| TOTAL HOURS | 75 | ||||||
Assessment |
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| EXAM | Duration | Timing (Semester) |
% of final mark |
Resit/resubmission opportunity |
Penalty for late submission |
Notes |
| Unseen Written Exam | 2 hours | Semester 2 | 100 | Yes | Standard UoL penalty applies | Assessment 1 Notes (applying to all assessments) August resit for Y3 and PGT students if applicable. Y4 Integrated Master's students resit at the next normal opportunity. |
| CONTINUOUS | Duration | Timing (Semester) |
% of final mark |
Resit/resubmission opportunity |
Penalty for late submission |
Notes |