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INORGANIC Introduction to Solid State Chemistry (Chong, 10 lectures) • Basic concepts in crystalline solids (builds on CHEM111) ◦ What is a crystal? – lattices, unit cells, symmetry ◦ Describing crystal structures – fractional coordinates, Miller indices ◦ Close packing of spheres in metallic solids ◦ Simple ionic solids derived from close-packed structures ◦ Rationalising structure types using radius ratio rule, and its limitations • Diffraction characterisation of crystalline solids ◦ Interference of waves, Braggs'' law ◦ Concept of the reciprocal lattice, relation to the direct lattice and diffraction ◦ Diffraction intensities and systematic absences ◦ Experimental aspects of X-ray diffraction and uses of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) ◦ Application
of concepts to indexing PXRD patterns and deducing lattice centring ◦ Limitations and complementary experimental methods (scattering, spectroscopy, imaging and microscopy techniques - continued in Manufacturing Materials) • Solid state structures of functional inorganic materials ◦ Structure-function relationships and applications of functional crystalline solids ◦ Polymorphism - concept and examples in ionic solids, contrasts in physical properties ◦ Spinels - normal vs. inverse structures and contributing factors ◦ Perovskites - use of tolerance factor to predict perovskite distortion ◦ Covalent solids - properties and structures of carbon allotropes ◦ Framework solids - structures and properties of zeolites, metal-organic frameworks • Introducing complexity ◦ Hybrid structures (MOFs, hybrid perovskites, fulleri
des) ◦ Structure of the YBCO high temperature superconductor as a perovskite superstructure ◦ Structure of point and extended defects ◦ Doping, non-stoichiometry and disorder ◦ Influence of defect structure on functional properties and applications (examples from ionic conduction, MOFs) Electronic and Magnetic materials (Claridge, 10 Lectures) • Electrons in Solids Qualitative description of distinction between metals, semi-conductors, and insulators (atomic vs. molecular electronic structure) Density of states and Fermi energy, and experimental evidence for these concepts Conductivity (Carrier density and temperature dependence) Electronic structure of simple metals and transition metals Band gap manipulation (Semi-conductor doping / Silicon vs. III/V systems) Mott-Hubbard insulators and the breakdown of the band model •Introduction to magnetochemistry Introduce
the concept that solids contain magnetic moments that interact with one another in a variety of different ways, giving rise to a diverse range of exciting and useful bulk materials properties Describe several key manifestations and applications of magnetism as well as compare orders of magnitude of magnetic field strengths Familiarise with units of magnetism •The origin of magnetism in materials Revisit spin and orbital angular momenta and their relevant quantum numbers and magnetic moments Introduce the Bohr magneton as a convenient unit for atomic magnetism •Magnetic moments of isolated atoms or ions Describe the coupling of spin and orbital angular momenta and revise Hund’s rules to arrive at ground state magnetic moments and term symbols of rare-earth ions Describe the effects of crystal fields and orbital quenching of magnetic moments of 3d transition metals to arrive at a spin-only formula Compare calculated and observed ma
gnetic moments of rare-earth and transition metal ions • Magnetisation and magnetic susceptibility Classify diamagnets and paramagnets by the sign and temperature-dependence of their magnetic susceptibilities and compare some common materials For paramagnetism, demonstrate Curie’s Law and how – through the measurement of bulk magnetic susceptibility – we can determine the atomic magnetic moment of a material • Magnetic interactions in the solid state Compare ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic states, with examples, that can be produced via magnetic interactions Consider the energy scale of the dipolar interaction to show that this is too low in energy to account for the high-temperature magnetic order observed in many magnetic materials Describe the concept of exchange to derive the Heisenberg Hamiltonian. Outline how exchange can occur directly, but more frequently indirectly through the indirect superexcha
nge mechanism Make use of orbital overlap diagrams to show how 90º and 180º bonding interactions lead to ferro- and antiferromagnetic orders, respectively ORGANIC Organic synthesis and reactions (Aissa, Bower, 12 lectures) • Pericyclic reactions 1: cycloadditions • Pericyclic reactions 2: Sigmatropic and electrocyclic reactions • Rearrangements and Fragmentations • Radical reactions Organic Mechanisms (Bonar-Law, 8 lectures) • Rates, equilibria and free energy diagrams • Kinetics for multistep reactions • Revision of nucleophilic substitution at saturated carbon • Elimination mechanisms • Addition mechanisms • Nucleophilic substitution at carbonyls PHYSICAL Ionic species, electrochemistry and introduction to surface Chemistry (Vezolli, 10 lectures) •Electrolytes and electrochemical therm
odynamics •Structure of liquids. Ion-solvent interactions. Examples of ionic hydration energies. Activities of ions. Half ell reactions and standard electrode potentials. •Transport properties in liquids. Conductivity and mobility. •Liquid surfaces: surface tensions and capillary rise. The Young equation. Contact angles and surface wetting. •Surfactants: Detergents and surfactants. Structure and properties of amphiphilic molecules. Critical micelle concentration. Monolayers. •Colloids: structure of colloidal solutions. Origin of colloid stability. DVLO Theory. Quantum Mechanics (Dyer, 7 lectures) •Introduction to the use of atomic units, radial coordinates, 3D integrals and perturbation theory as tools to solve problems in quantum mechanics. •Derivation of the orbitals of the hydrogen atom as solutions to the time-independent Schrodinger equation. •Consideration of many electron atoms, the o
rbital approximation and electronic spin •Deriving the molecular orbitals of the H2+ molecule. Secular determinants. •Using the linear combination of atomic orbitals and other basis sets •Demonstration of Hückel theory applied to conjugated pi systems
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