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Understanding and mitigating the impact of fraudulent participation on health research

Funding
Self-funded
Study mode
Full-time
Part-time
Apply by
Year round
Start date
Year round
Subject area
Health Sciences and Nursing
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We’re currently showing entry requirements and other information for applicants with qualifications from United Kingdom.

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Overview

This mixed-methods PhD aims to explore how health researchers experience and address fraudulent participation, aiming to develop practical guidelines to protect research integrity across multiple aspects of Health research.

About this opportunity

The rapid growth of remote data collection methods and the increased use of artificial intelligence in research have transformed health research practice. However, these developments have also contributed to a marked rise in fraudulent research participation and doctored data, including fabricated responses, automated or AI-generated submissions, and misrepresentation of participant identities. These issues pose a serious threat to research integrity, data quality, and the validity of health research findings, with potential downstream impacts on clinical practice and policy development.

This mixed-methods PhD project aims to document the experiences of health researchers encountering fraudulent participants and manipulated data, and to develop evidence-based guidelines to mitigate these risks. The project will focus on four key areas of health research practice: public and patient involvement, qualitative research, quantitative research, and ethical and governance processes. By examining how fraud manifests across these domains, the project will identify vulnerabilities in current research practices and propose practical, ethical, and scalable solutions.

The doctoral candidate will play a central role in all stages of the project. In the first phase, the candidate will conduct a comprehensive literature review on research fraud, remote data collection, and AI-related risks in health research. This will be followed by qualitative interviews and focus groups with health researchers to explore lived experiences, challenges, and existing mitigation strategies. Quantitative survey methods will then be used to assess the prevalence and perceived impact of fraudulent participation across disciplines and methodologies. Findings from these components will be integrated to inform the development of practical guidelines and recommendations.

Training and collaboration are integral to the PhD project. The candidate will receive formal training in qualitative and quantitative research methods, research ethics, data integrity, and mixed-methods analysis. Additional training may include AI literacy, digital research methods, and advanced statistical techniques, depending on the candidate’s background. The project will involve collaboration with experienced health researchers, methodologists, and ethics professionals, providing opportunities for interdisciplinary learning and co-authorship of publications.

The PhD will take place over three years. The first year will focus on training, ethical approvals, and study design. The second year will be dedicated primarily to data collection and preliminary analysis. The final year will focus on final analysis, guideline development and thesis writing. The PhD student will be supported in writing up findings for peer reviewed publication.

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Who is this for?

Undergraduate degree in a Social Science subject (e.g. applied social science, psychology, sociology). Research experience would be desirable.

Applicants should also have a UK 2.1 Honors degree, or international equivalent, in a relevant subject.

Applicants will also need to ensure they meet the University’s English language requirements, details can be found here: https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/courses/public-health-phd

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How to apply

  1. 1. Contact supervisors

    To enquire about this project please email your CV and cover letter, stating the project title to Beth Deja.

    Please note, applications will be reviewed and potentially suitable applicants will be invited to have a discussion with the proposed supervisor prior to submitting a formal application through the University of Liverpool Application Portal.

    Supervisors:

    Dr Beth Deja Bdeja1@liverpool.ac.uk https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/people/beth-deja
    Prof Kerry Woolfall woolfall@liverpool.ac.uk https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/people/kerry-woolfall
  2. 2. Prepare your application documents

    You may need the following documents to complete your online application:

    • A research proposal (this should cover the research you’d like to undertake)
    • University transcripts and degree certificates to date
    • Passport details (international applicants only)
    • English language certificates (international applicants only)
    • A personal statement
    • A curriculum vitae (CV)
    • Contact details for two proposed supervisors
    • Names and contact details of two referees.
  3. 3. Apply

    Finally, register and apply online. You'll receive an email acknowledgment once you've submitted your application. We'll be in touch with further details about what happens next.

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Fees and funding

Your tuition fees, funding your studies, and other costs to consider.

Tuition fees

UK fees (applies to Channel Islands, Isle of Man and Republic of Ireland)

Full-time place, per year - £5,006
Part-time place, per year - £2,503

International fees

Full-time place, per year - £31,250
Part-time place, per year - £15,650

fees stated are for 2025/26 academic year


Additional costs

We understand that budgeting for your time at university is important, and we want to make sure you understand any costs that are not covered by your tuition fee. This could include buying a laptop, books, or stationery.

Find out more about the additional study costs that may apply to this project, as well as general student living costs.


Funding your PhD

If you're a UK national, or have settled status in the UK, you may be eligible to apply for a Postgraduate Doctoral Loan worth up to £30,301 to help with course fees and living costs.

There’s also a variety of alternative sources of funding. These include funded research opportunities and financial support from UK research councils, charities and trusts. Your supervisor may be able to help you secure funding.


We've set the country or region your qualifications are from as United Kingdom.

Scholarships and bursaries

We offer a range of scholarships and bursaries that could help pay your tuition fees and living expenses.

Duncan Norman Research Scholarship

If you’re awarded this prestigious scholarship, you’ll receive significant funding to support your postgraduate research. This includes full payment of your PhD fees and a cash bursary of £23,000 per year while you study. One award is available in each academic year.

John Lennon Memorial Scholarship

If you’re a UK student, either born in or with strong family connections to Merseyside, you could be eligible to apply for financial support worth up to £12,000 per year for up to three years of full-time postgraduate research (or up to five years part-time pro-rata).

Sport Liverpool Performance Programme

Apply to receive tailored training support to enhance your sporting performance. Our athlete support package includes a range of benefits, from bespoke strength and conditioning training to physiotherapy sessions and one-to-one nutritional advice.

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Contact us

Have a question about this research opportunity or studying a PhD with us? Please get in touch with us, using the contact details below, and we’ll be happy to assist you.

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