Through a combination of a-synchronous e-lectures and on-campus clinical skills sessions, this module will enable students to develop their understanding of optics and refraction introduced earlier in the course (ORTH138). Students will develop knowledge from modules in year one and two, in order to learn subjective and objective refraction techniques, as well as develop a detailed understanding of the optical principles that underpin clinical refraction and prescription of spectacles. The module will also introduce students to low vision assessment, indirect ophthalmoscopy and the legal aspects of prescribing optical corrections relevant to orthoptic clinical practice. Assessment of this module consists of a practical exam that tests the student’s ability to perform subjective and objective refraction to a competent level and to perform indirect ophthalmoscopy on a model eye. The written exam is designed to assess detailed theoretical and legal aspects of the module.