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Optimizing Low-Dose Mobile 3D X-ray Imaging for Clinical Applications

Funding
Study mode
Full-time
Duration
3.5 years
Start date
Subject area
Physics
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Overview

This interdisciplinary PhD project aims to develop the next generation of low-dose, mobile 3D X-ray systems using digital tomosynthesis and advanced simulation. Working with Adaptix Ltd and the QUASAR Group, you will advance innovative imaging geometries, AI-enhanced reconstruction, and experimental prototypes for clinical and industrial applications.

About this opportunity

Digital tomosynthesis (DT) offers rapid, low-dose 3D imaging using compact and mobile X-ray systems, filling the performance gap between planar radiography and full CT. The QUASAR Group has collaborated with Adaptix Ltd for more than a decade to develop novel 3D imaging technologies, including the recently FDA-cleared Adaptix Ortho350 extremity imaging system. Related systems have already been commercialised in veterinary and industrial imaging.

This PhD project will build on the new SCIMITAR framework (Hill et al., Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express, 2025), which integrates geometric simulation with genetic-algorithm optimisation to design and evaluate next-generation chest DT devices. You will work within a multidisciplinary team with expertise in simulation, medical physics, imaging hardware, and AI-based reconstruction. The precise research direction will be defined collaboratively, but potential areas include:

  • Simulation and digital twinning: extending SCIMITAR for full 3D optimisation, dose estimation, and patient-specific adaptation.
  • Radiation transport modelling: using Monte Carlo and physics-based digital twins to evaluate imaging geometries, collimation strategies, and safety trade-offs.
  • Novel source and detector technologies: investigating dual-energy approaches, alternative detector architectures, and cold-cathode (CNT) X-ray emitters in partnership with Adaptix Labs.
  • AI-driven analysis: developing machine-learning algorithms for image reconstruction, artefact reduction, and automated feature detection from DT datasets.
  • Synthetic patient populations: simulating diverse anatomies and imaging workflows to assess diagnostic accuracy and robustness.
  • Experimental validation: acquiring data using phantoms and prototype Adaptix chest imaging systems, and exploring system miniaturisation, source motion strategies, and adaptive cone-angle designs.

Training & Structure:

Year 1 will focus on training in radiation transport, dosimetry, Monte Carlo simulation, CAD modelling, image reconstruction, and AI methods. Years 2–3 will involve independent research, optimisation studies, algorithm development, and experimental data collection. The final phase will centre on system integration, validation, and thesis preparation.

You will receive extensive training in medical and accelerator physics, radiation dosimetry, simulation and optimisation (Monte Carlo, digital twins, genetic algorithms), imaging hardware characterisation, and advanced data analysis. The project includes substantial collaboration with Adaptix Ltd, with time spent at both the University of Liverpool (Cockcroft Institute) and Adaptix’s Oxford laboratories.

Funding covers 42 months of support, including tuition fees, UKRI-aligned stipend, travel, conference participation, and experimental materials.

Further reading

Hill, J. et al. (2025). SCIMITAR: A framework for geometric simulation and genetic-algorithm optimisation of digital tomosynthesis systems. Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2057-1976/ae0fa0

Additional relevant topics: digital tomosynthesis, mobile 3D X-ray imaging, Monte Carlo modelling, genetic algorithms, detector design, cold-cathode X-ray emitters.

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Who is this for?

Candidates will have, or be due to obtain, a Master’s Degree or equivalent in a relevant subject. Exceptional candidates with a First Class Bachelor’s Degree in an appropriate field or significant relevant experience will also be considered.

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How to apply

  1. 1. Contact supervisors

    Please review our guide on How to apply for a PhD | Postgraduate research | University of Liverpool carefully and complete the online postgraduate research application form to apply for this PhD project.

    Please ensure you include the project title and reference number PPPR080 when applying. Informal enquiries can go to Prof Carsten P Welsch (c.p.welsch@liv.ac.uk).

    Supervisors:

    Prof Carsten Welsch c.p.welsch@liv.ac.uk
    Dr Steve Wells steve.wells@adaptiximaging.com
    Dr Aquila Mavalankar aquila.mavalankar@adaptix.com

     

  2. 2. Prepare your application documents

    Prepare your application documents

    Please include the following documents in your online application:

    • University transcripts and degree certificates to date
    • Passport details
    • A personal statement
    • A curriculum vitae (CV)
    • Names and contact details of two referees.
  3. 3. Apply

    Finally, register and apply online. You'll receive an email acknowledgment once you've submitted your application. We'll be in touch with further details about what happens next.

    Candidates wishing to apply should complete the University of Liverpool application form to apply for a PhD in Physics.

    Applications may close early if a suitable candidate is appointed.

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Funding your PhD

This UKRI funded Studentship will cover full tuition fees (for 2025-26 this is £5,006 pa.) and pay a maintenance grant for 3.5 years, at the UKRI standard rates (for 2025-26 this is £20,780 pa.) The Studentship also comes with access to additional funding in the form of a Research Training Support Grant to fund consumables, conference attendance, etc.

UKRI Studentships are available to any prospective student wishing to apply including both home and international students. While UKRI funding will not cover international fees, a limited number of scholarships to meet the fee difference will be available to support outstanding international students.

We want all of our Staff and Students to feel that Liverpool is an inclusive and welcoming environment that actively celebrates and encourages diversity. We are committed to working with students to make all reasonable project adaptations including supporting those with caring responsibilities, disabilities or other personal circumstances. For example, If you have a disability you may be entitled to a Disabled Students Allowance on top of your studentship to help cover the costs of any additional support that a person studying for a doctorate might need as a result. We believe everyone deserves an excellent education and encourage students from all backgrounds and personal circumstances to apply.

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Contact us

Have a question about this research opportunity or studying a PhD with us? Please get in touch with us, using the contact details below, and we’ll be happy to assist you.

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