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A structural biology approach to understand IMPDH2 rod-ring structures in Embryonic Stem Cells

Funding
Self-funded
Study mode
Full-time
Start date
Subject area
Biological and Biomedical Sciences
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Overview

IMPDH2 is a critical enzyme responsible for the rate limiting step of purine nucleotide biosynthesis. In naïve pluripotent stem cells, it forms large rod-ring structures (RRs) which are hypothesised to control the enzyme’s output when the pool of guanine nucleotides is in high demand. However, whether IMPDH2 interacts with other proteins in these structures is not well defined, and neither is their function during early embryogenesis.

About this opportunity

We want to understand how IMPDH2 RRs form, whether there are other proteins localised to these structures, and whether they are critical for IMPDH2 stability and aggregation.

Objectives: We will take a combined structural bioinformatic and cell biological approach to undertake the following:

1. Use computational approaches to predict whether other proteins interact with IMPDH2.

2. Generate ESC lines carrying mutations in key IMPDH2 residues that regulate RR formation and assess the consequences of these mutations on potential binding partners

3. Determine the functional impact of disrupting IMPDH2’s interaction with binding partners on pluripotency and lineage-specific differentiation.

Experimental Approach: We will apply predictive tools such as AlphaFold 3 to model IMPDH2 interactions in silico, followed by validation using super-resolution microscopy and advanced ESC culture techniques.

Novelty: This project has the potential to understand how IMPDH2 RRs during early mammalian development, providing new insight into how signalling pathways integrate with metabolic and gene-regulatory networks to control pluripotency and differentiation.

Student Development and Training: The student will benefit from co-supervision from the primary and secondary supervisors, gaining training in cutting-edge deep learning-based structural bioinformatics methods, developmental signalling, 3D gastruloid culture, stem cell biology, advanced imaging, and biochemical approaches. Regular supervisory meetings and integration across the two groups will provide robust support, while day-to-day guidance will come from postdocs and peers. Both supervisors have proven records of mentoring early-career researchers and supporting colleagues into diverse scientific and non-scientific career paths. The student will be encouraged to participate in DiMeN training, present at international meetings, and engage with the supervisors’ collaborative networks. This will ensure they develop independence, technical versatility, and a competitive skill set for careers in academia, industry, or translational research.

Supervisory team:

Primary Supervisor: David Turner

– www.gastruloids.com

https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/people/david-turner

Secondary Supervisor: Dan Rigden

– https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/people/daniel-rigden

Further reading

1. Carcamo, W. C., et al. (2011). “Induction of cytoplasmic rods and rings structures by inhibition of the CTP and GTP synthetic pathway in mammalian cells.” PLoS One 6(12): e29690.
2. Anthony, S. A., et al. (2017). “Reconstituted IMPDH polymers accommodate both catalytically active and inactive conformations.” Mol Biol Cell 28(20): 2600-2608.
3. Ball, S. T. M., et al. (2025). “Domain-specific AI segmentation of IMPDH2 rod/ring structures in mouse embryonic stem cells.” BMC Biol 23(1): 126.
4. Elliott, L. G., et al. (2025) “ABCFold: easier running and comparison of AlphaFold 3, Boltz-1 and Chai-1.” Bioinformatics Advances vbaf153.
5. Dall’Armellina, F. et al. (2025) “AlphaFold-driven discovery of ORP-PIP interactions using new generation confidence scores.” bioRxiv (2025): 2025-09.
6. Pereira, J. et al. (2021) “High‐accuracy protein structure prediction in CASP14.” Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics 89(12): 1687-1699.
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Who is this for?

Applicants must have obtained or be about to obtain a minimum Upper Second class UK honours degree, or the equivalent qualifications gained outside the UK, in a relevant discipline.

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How to apply

  1. 1. Contact supervisors

    Please email your CV and cover letter to the primary supervisor, Dr David Turner, in the first instance david.turner@liverpool.ac.uk

    Supervisor title and name Email address Staff profile URL
    Dr David Turner david.turner@liverpool.ac.uk
    Prof Dan Rigden drigden@liverpool.ac.uk
  2. 2. Prepare your application documents

    You may need the following documents to complete your online application:

    • A research proposal (this should cover the research you’d like to undertake)
    • University transcripts and degree certificates to date
    • Passport details (international applicants only)
    • English language certificates (international applicants only)
    • A personal statement
    • A curriculum vitae (CV)
    • Contact details for two proposed supervisors
    • Names and contact details of two referees.
  3. 3. Apply

    Finally, register and apply online. You'll receive an email acknowledgment once you've submitted your application. We'll be in touch with further details about what happens next.

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Fees and funding

Your tuition fees, funding your studies, and other costs to consider.

Tuition fees

UK fees (applies to Channel Islands, Isle of Man and Republic of Ireland)

Full-time place, per year - £5,238

International fees

This course is not available to international students who require a visa to study in the UK. However, if you're a 'home' student and you've lived outside of the UK, you'll need to complete a fee status questionnaire as part of your application. We'll then assess your fee status and in some cases, home students who've lived outside of the UK may be required to pay the international fee rate. Check your tuition fee status on our webpages.

Fees applicable for 2026/27 academic year


Additional costs

We understand that budgeting for your time at university is important, and we want to make sure you understand any costs that are not covered by your tuition fee. This could include buying a laptop, books, or stationery.

Find out more about the additional study costs that may apply to this project, as well as general student living costs.


Funding your PhD

If you're a UK national, or have settled status in the UK, you may be eligible to apply for a Postgraduate Doctoral Loan worth up to £30,301 to help with course fees and living costs.

There’s also a variety of alternative sources of funding. These include funded research opportunities and financial support from UK research councils, charities and trusts. Your supervisor may be able to help you secure funding.


We've set the country or region your qualifications are from as United Kingdom.

Scholarships and bursaries

We offer a range of scholarships and bursaries that could help pay your tuition fees and living expenses.

Duncan Norman Research Scholarship

If you’re awarded this prestigious scholarship, you’ll receive significant funding to support your postgraduate research. This includes full payment of your PhD fees and a cash bursary of £23,000 per year while you study. One award is available in each academic year.

John Lennon Memorial Scholarship

If you’re a UK student, either born in or with strong family connections to Merseyside, you could be eligible to apply for financial support worth up to £12,000 per year for up to three years of full-time postgraduate research (or up to five years part-time pro-rata).

Sport Liverpool Performance Programme

Apply to receive tailored training support to enhance your sporting performance. Our athlete support package includes a range of benefits, from bespoke strength and conditioning training to physiotherapy sessions and one-to-one nutritional advice.

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Contact us

Have a question about this research opportunity or studying a PhD with us? Please get in touch with us, using the contact details below, and we’ll be happy to assist you.

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